The Objective Validity of Certain Moral Values Essay

The Objective Validity of Certain Moral Values - Essay Example A woman, for instance, has right not to be raped. She is the owner of her body, this is the most intimate item that any person can own, and to suffer sexual assaults or violations is reprehensible. Some have argued, based on different cultural values, that a husband ought to be able to rape his wife. A legal arrangement, however, is no moral basis for overcoming the moral right that a woman has to protect her own body from unwanted actions. This situation can be contrasted with certain types of justifiable homicide; to be sure, there are situations where the killing of another human being may be justified in terms of self-defense. There is no such competing moral value, such as the self-preservation of one's life, in the case of rape. It is wrong in all instances. It is objectively wrong because the right to control the sexual use of one's body is a predominant moral right, and any moral standard prohibiting the rape of a woman is objectively valid in all situations. Moreover, there are certain ethnic rights which deserve protection in all situations. An ethnic group, for example, has a moral right not to be targeted for genocide. This is to be distinguished from conflicts or wars in which armed combat results in death.

Overcoming Obstacles as a Teacher in the Modern Day Essay Example for Free

Overcoming Obstacles as a Teacher in the Modern Day Essay The teaching profession has always been a highly esteemed and revered occupation due to the fact that educators impart knowledge into the minds of every single individual throughout the population, whether the student decides to be a doctor, engineer, mechanic, politician or artist in adulthood, the foundation of their learning has came from a highly dedicated and resourceful educator. However, when examining this occupation in greater detail it can be observed that there are countless obstacles that effective teachers face every day. It is common knowledge that children have a short attention span and their teacher has the role of planning lessons, which engage the learner and guarantee that the lesson is one that interacts with the student and encourages them to be involved. They also must be aware of different methods to implement that will see the child remembering the material and retaining the information that the teacher is presenting for the future lessons. When teaching in the classroom, educators must be prepared when confronted with children showing ill desired and disruptive behaviours. It is the method in which the teacher reacts to these behaviours that will pave the way for the remainder of the year, if the teacher reacts in the correct manner and demonstrates to the child the expectations within the classroom then it can be anticipated that the student will understand what is and isn’t acceptable, a certain challenge. Attention is where learning begins and therefore attracting and upholding student attention is paramount (Curtindale, Laurie-Rose, Bennett Murphy, 2007). Attention capacity and duration is limited for every individual, this needs to be acknowledged in the classroom and strategies need to be formed to prevent students from neglecting important information in class. Learners find it particularly difficult and their attention easily shifts from one stimulus to another, caused by not only distractions from other students but also from outside the classroom. When students find it difficult to concentrate this can negatively impact not only their own learning but also the learning of others. Therefore, teachers must control and provide an environment that engages and holds students attention whilst teaching imperative material. Eggen (2010) states that effective teachers plan their lessons so students attend to what is being taught and ignore irrelevant stimuli. They must ensure that their lesson will be one that learners can actively be involved in and interact with, not just submissively require students to listen to what is needing to be taught, but experience it. Teachers may employ a variety of strategies to do this, from demonstrations to discrepant events and thought provoking questions. Another fundamental approach that creates an environment of achieving ones attention is calling on students by name. This guarantees that learners are aware that the teacher will not only call on the class as a whole but may call on them individually, by name, resulting in a need to be attentive. Chapin, O’Connor and Anderson (2009) make an interesting point however that as teachers we need to be mindful when calling on students to participate and remind them of their right to pass or ask for more time before answering in the classroom. The obligation to participate in a classroom does not equate to an obligation to give answers on demand† (Chapin et al. , 2009). When teachers practice these strategies for holding their learners attention and ensure that they are apart of the teaching not just observing it, the likelihood of the student’s memory retaining the material is also greatly increased. Another obstacle faced by teachers in the classroom is that of their learners retaining the material taught throughout the term, from one lesson to another. If any student in the class is having difficulty remembering the previous lesson, they have a high risk of falling behind in their learning and development, which can then lead to troubling behaviour. There are certain aspects of memory retention that must be understood and practiced in the classroom for students to achieve learning targets and overcome this impediment. These techniques are employed to take knowledge from a child’s working memory and encode it to be stored within their long term memory, ensuring that they are then able to recall this understanding and build upon it in future lessons. Schema activation is one such encoding strategy that involves activating prior knowledge so that new knowledge can be connected to it (Eggen 2010). One of the most effective ways of activating a student’s prior knowledge is through conducting reviews of the previous lesson before embarking on the new learning material. This ensures that the students form conceptual connections between what they have already learnt in the past and the material that they are about to be taught. Another effective method of encoding is material organisation, where related items of content are athered into categories that assist in illustrating the relationships between them. This can take the form of charts, models, outlines and hierarchies, which are all examples of organization systems. With the connections easily observable and the information well organized, the student is then able to retrieve this knowledge more easily, as stated by Ormrod (2006, pg190), Long-term memory retrieval is the process of â€Å"remembering previously stored information and â€Å"finding† it in memory†. If strategies are put in place by the educator in the classroom, the students will experience a greater retention of material and a greater ease at â€Å"finding† stored information from past lessons, also making certain that they are less likely to be disruptive and display adverse behavior, an obstacle that all teachers desire to prevent if possible. Classrooms are busy and often hectic places in which groups of students vary in interests and abilities must be organized and directed, in ways that maximize education and minimize disruptions. It is imperative that the teacher responsible for each class is equipped with knowledge and strategies that can be implemented when faced with undesirable behaviour from students. First and foremost, a teacher must show withitness within the classroom, they must notice the behavior of all students and respond quickly to unexpected events. The students will be much less likely to attempt negative behaviour knowing that the teacher is aware of every action and movement that occurs and the knowledge that there is a consequence, either positive or negative for every action. When faced with ill desired behaviour from a student, the teacher must first establish whether the student is going to take responsibility for their actions and if not, implement behavioral interventions – either reinforcement or punishment to ensure that the student understands that there are consequences for adverse behaviour. One approach that would create a rational response to the student’s behaviour would be to implement a negative reinforcement – for example, by taking away 5 minutes of the students free art time on Friday afternoon, whilst the rest of the class, has their full 30 minutes. Alternatively the teacher may use their judgment and decide to implement an effective form of punishment for the student instead. This may be a simple timeout for the misbehaving child or a more severe detention during their lunch break or after class. Regardless of the tactic that the teacher decides to use with this misbehaving student, once the student understands that there are consequences for poor behaviour, the probability of this behaviour continuing is scarce. Children that act in this manner and misbehave in class often look to their role model for discipline and in many situations their teacher may be their only adult role model in their life and therefore it is imperative that these situations are handled appropriately. In conclusion, it can be observed that there are many challenges that a teacher must overcome in their normal day-to-day occupation, with a majority of them that go unseen to the general public. Initially they must obtain the student’s attention and curiosity and then maintain it throughout the class, whilst having lessons planned around engaging the students and allowing them to experience what is being taught. They then must ensure that the pupil is being taught in a way that will ensure their long term memory to guarantee that they will remember the material and therefore build upon it in future lessons. Teachers must also be equipped with strategies and techniques to overcome ill desired behaviour from students in a way that creates an understanding of the expectations and classroom rules. Fortunately there are many teachers and educators that have gone before and paved the way for the future graduates, they have been willing to share their ideas, examples and methodology in regards to what they have found that has been successful and what has not. Techniques such as calling students by name to gain their attention, organizing new learning material in such a way that makes it easier for the students to retrieve it from their memory and implementing reinforcements in place of harsh punishment for students that are testing the boundaries within the classroom. This knowledge and experience from other mentors in the industry guarantees that the classroom of the future is not only a brighter place to be but also a well informed one.

The Perks Of Being A Wallflower English Literature Essay

The Perks Of Being A Wallflower English Literature Essay Author: Stephen Chbosky was born on January 25th, 1970, in Pitsburgh, Pensylvannia. After growing up in Pensylvannia, Stephen pursued a directing career in movies, but ended up writing books. His first book was The Perks of Being a Wallflower, which was set in his very own home state. Stephen said that he relates to Charlie, but his life in High School was in many ways different. Themes: Like most books about teenage boys, this book encompasses the theme of independence. The main character Charlie had just started High School, a time where you become more independent from your parents, and try new things. Charlie never had many friends previously, and the one good friend he did have comitted suicide the year before, leaving Charlie scared, and alone. When friendship is found among some seniors, Charlie starts his journey to a more independent self. He found himself going to parties, smoking, doing drugs, going out with girls, and even driving throughout the book. Another important theme in the book is of happiness. Whenever Charlie walked down the hallway in the school, he would wonder if a person was really happy. In the hallways, I see the girls wearing the guys jackets, and I think about the idea of property. And I wonder if anyone is really happy. I hope they are. I really hope they are. Thoughts like this would constantly occupy Charlies mind. Many thing s made Charlie happy, wether it was an interesting read, a good song, or an inspiring movie. What made Charlie really happy though were his friends, and when he found himself having a good time with them, he would forget all the bad things in his life and enjoy the moment. Later on though, Charlie found out that he shouldnt put peoples happiness ahead of his own, because in the end, he would end up missing out on the best things in life. Characters: Charlie Charlie was the 15 year old protagonist and main character of the story. Hes a timid and introverted guy whos had way too many bad things happen in his life. His best friend comitting suicide, his aunt getting hit by a car, and being the outcast of the school are only a fraction of the things hes been through. He was very intelligent and loved reading books, but that didnt really help the fact that he was socially awkward to the point where he didnt take part in anything that happened around him. He was an extremely emotional kid, but this was due to the things that have happened in his past, which in a way had traumatized him. He loved music though, and along with movies and books, they were a great getaway from his life. He was an extremely caring person too, and always put others ahead of himself, even if a little too much at times. Patrick Patrick was the senior from Charlies woodshop class who ended up becoming a treasured friend to Charlie. He was one of the few homosexuals in the school and was constantly frustrated at the fact he had to sneak around with another guy instead of being open about it. He was a very good friend, and would always take Charlie to fun places with his Sam. He also accepted Charlie for the way he was and never criticized his actions. Sam Sam was Patricks half sister, and Charlies other best friend, also in senior year. She was a beautiful girl who would not leave Charlies thoughts no matter what. She was a great friend to him though, just like Patrick. Even though Sam told Charlie not think of her in any way more than a friend, near the end of the book itss her who finds she loves him with a passion. She would always give Charlie advice when he needed it, and just like Patrick, accepted him for who he was. Setting: The book is set in the years 1991/92, in Pensylvannia, USA. Plot: When Charlies best friend comitted suicide in 8th grade, his life became a mess, and his one good friend was gone. When he overheard some girls talking about some guy that listened, and didnt try and sleep with some girl he could of slept with, he decided to send letters to him anonymously every few days, to make sure people like this, good people, still existed. So the letters went on, for a year, describing his experience in freshman year. Charlie was no ordinary freshman though. His past left him emotionally crippled and socially awkward. When he finally made some friends, he followed his wise English teachers advice to participate, and stop watching life from the sidelines. So his friends became his best friends, and he went on to participate like he was so wisely told. Thats not where it ended though, because family issues werent too far away, neither was drama with girls, or arguments with friends. Throughout the course of this book, Charlie was forced to learn how to jug gle school, friends, and family, and when some secrets from his past were revealed, it seemed like his life couldnt get any worse. Literary Techniques: The author uses quite a few literary techiniques succesfully in the book. The book is comprised of letters alone sent by Charlie to a friend of his, therefore it is in first person narrative. Early on in the book, Charlie informs the reader that his teacher criticized him for writing run on sentences, and since the book consists of letters written by Charlie himself, some sentences are purposefully run ons, and the reader understands this. Also, since these letters are just a place for him to express his ideas, he doesnt utilize very creative language. He also explained this in the book and said that he found it pointless writing words that one wouldnt even understand. But I just have never heard anyone use the words corpulent and jaundice ever in my life. That included teachers. So, whats the point of using words nobody else knows or can say comfortably? The author also utilized flashbacks by allowing Charlie to share past experiences in his letters. As one woul d expect, no ones life can be interesting all the time, so when Charlies life loses interest, so does the reader in reading about it. Then again, when Charlies life has drama in it, it is almost impossible to put down the book. Target Audience: This book is aimed at an audience of teenage boys and girls. As the main character is a boy sharing his experience in High School, the book will mostly find its way into boys hands who are experiencing the same thing. Although Charlie has a complicated life, readers can easily relate to him and his experience at school and at parties. Its an easy read due to the lack of complicated language and basic plot, so most people can read this book, regardless of interest level. Purpose: The purpose of this book is mostly to entertain its readers. The book doesnt follow much of a plot and seems to include random ideas at times, but somehow the readers find themselves strangely attached to the main character, and feel the need to keep reading about this boys life. This book also opens the readers mind in a way, as to how High School was 20 years ago, and allows them to compare the two.

Essay on The Holy Bible - Genesis 1-3 and the Downfall of Mankind :: Holy Bible Genesis Essays

Genesis 1-3 and the Downfall of Mankind People hold many differing opinions about Genesis 1-3. Some people believe that God didn't want Adam and Eve to have the knowledge of good and evil because it would make them as gods. The purpose of this essay is to show that Adam and Eve caused the downfall of mankind. Now, to the untrained eye, it may be possible to interpret the aforementioned text as having certain "scheisty" tendencies coming from both the serpent and, believe it or not, God himself. As possible as it may seem, the main theme of the passages of Genesis are not trying to show God as being greedy with the knowledge of good and evil. It isn't like God was worried that Adam and Eve would gain knowledge that would empower them and make them as gods. That is almost preposterous to think that God, the almighty creator of heaven and earth, would be worried about two mortals obtaining a little bit of information. In all actuality, that idea is incredibly far from the truth. God gave Adam and Eve the world, literally. This perfect world, a "heaven on earth", was just given to them out of the goodness of his heart. All they had to do was look over God's creations and enjoy true eternal bliss. As a matter of fact, the only rule that God gave to Adam and Eve was to not eat of the tree of t he knowledge of good and evil. All they had to do to live in the eternal paradise, with all the cookies and milk they could stomach, was to follow that one freakin' rule. Acknowledging the fact that the serpent (a.k.a. Satan Incarnate) did do its part in persuading Eve to eat the fruit and to give the fruit to her husband. Even still, Eve should have realized that she was risking eternal happiness for the words of a snake. God said, "... of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, thou shallot not eat of it: for in the day that thou neatest thereof thou shallot surely die." He wasn't speaking of an instantaneous death, or even mortal death. He was more so saying that they would lose their immortal lives, therefor being compromised by mortal death. The serpent knew of this and used his knowledge to bring about the inevitable demise of mankind.

How Does Shakespeare Incorporate Literary Traditions Into Macbeth? Essay

In the play Macbeth Shakespeare uses a wide range of literary traditions frequently: For example, ideas of tragic form are used, with aspects of both Senecan and Aristotlean concepts. The play consists of five acts, a traditional number, following the rise and fall of the tragic hero Macbeth. Elizabethan language conventions are followed, with numerous examples of rhyming couplets, imagery, personification, metaphors and similes used to project settings and aspects of characters. Macbeth follows the ideas of both Senecan and Aristotlean tragedies, using their concepts of how a tragedy should be set out and how it should flow. The play has five acts that separate the play out into the stages of the rise and fall of Macbeth, the central character. The first act explains his rise to the position of thane of Cawdor and the beginnings of the witches influence over him. The second act follows his position to its highest point; it firstly sees the death of Duncan, an act carried out by Macbeth, greatly influenced at this point by the witches. In this act Macbeth is promoted to king following the death of Duncan for which he is not suspected. Act three sees an ever increasing influence from the witches which results in a dramatic turn around of Macbeth’s position as he begins to break down after the banquet scene in which the ghost of Banquo is seen. This turning point signals the beginning of the downfall of Macbeth leading eventually to his death in act five. The events in the banquet scene arouse suspicion of Macbeth as he cries openly in front of a figure that no one else present can see. â€Å"Hence horrible shadow, unreal mockery hence!†(3.4.106-7) During the play Macbeth, both blank verse and prose are used in a structural way. The contrast between the flowing speech of blank verse used by the more important and well-educated characters and the ordinary speech or prose used by the more lowly or uneducated characters is designed and incorporated to demonstrate the differences in social status between them. This difference is demonstrated well by the porter who opens the doors of the castle on the night of Duncan’s murder. He speaks in prose and rambles on, as he is merely a servant of Macbeth’s with little or no social status. Macbeth however as he is the central character in the play and a lord or Thane of high social status speaks almost entirely in rhyming verse. Iambic pentameters are used in the play to avoid monotony as they give rhythm to a sentence and stress the more important words in it. An example of this is â€Å"I have thee not and yet I see thee still† (2,1,35) which is said by Macbeth as he sees the dagger before him but cannot touch it. In this sentence the more important words are obviously emphasized as shown by the underlining. Rhyming couplets are part of another literary tradition and are also used to give a natural and obvious conclusion to a speech, this property was used by Shakespeare as a cue for other actors as it could easily be remembered and recognised by them. Rhyming couplets are also used to indicate supernatural powers of a character in a play, as they sound unusual and ghostlike when spoken. This can be demonstrated in this speech by the weird sisters: â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair; Hover through fog and filthy air.† Shakespeare uses a number of examples of imagery, personification, metaphors and similes in the play. Imagery is used to project many of the themes of the play. One method of imagery used by Shakespeare is clothing, which displays the theme that appearances can be deceptive. For example in act one when Macbeth is given the title, â€Å"thane of cawdor† he asks, â€Å"why do you dress me in borrowed robes?†(1.3.108-9) as he believes that the thane of Cawdor still lives. Later in the play another reference to clothing is used in: â€Å"Now does he feel his title hang loose about him, like a giants robe upon a dwarfish thief?†(5.2.20-3) This refers to Macbeth’s unsuitability as king; he is a dwarfish thief who has stolen the title of king from the true king. Another chain of images used in the play relate to blood, which is used frequently in reports of murders and in describing people and events to demonstrate the brutality of the play and of the acts committed in it. Imagery is used vividly to describe the murdered Duncan and after the murder of Banquo Macbeth says to one of his murderers: â€Å"There’s blood upon thy face†(3.4.12). This shows that the murder must have been particularly violent, as blood has sprayed onto the face of the murderer. Metaphors and similes are also used frequently in the play to demonstrate the deception that is used by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. This intended deception is shown by: â€Å"Your hand your tongue: look like th’innocent hower but be the serpent under’t.† This sentence shows that the intention of Macbeth is to look innocent and pleasant on the surface in order to deceive someone into a false sense of security in order to get rid of them by murdering them. Throughout Macbeth Shakespeare has used a number of different literary traditions, which enhance the dramatic effect of the play for the modern day audience, and to include popular traditional values for the audience for whom it was intended.

Bus 475 Week 3 Learning Team: Functional Area Interrelationships

Functional Area Interrelationships October 29, 2012 BUS/475 University of Phoenix Abstract Huffman Trucking is a trucking company that was established in 1936. Throughout this paper, we will discuss the company’s mission and vision statement. It will also identify the type of organizational structure and how each of those roles supports the company’s goals. The collaboration process among the functional areas must also be established to support the goals.Finally, the stakeholders will be reviewed and how the company plans to protect them and how their communication is vital to the success of Huffman Trucking. â€Å"Huffman Trucking started in 1936 in Cleveland, OH. By 1945, the company had increased in size to 16 tractors and 36 trailers. † (Virtual Organization) Today Huffman trucking is one of the largest trucking companies in the United States. The company has four locations across the U. S. ; Cleveland, OH, Los Angeles, CA, St. Louis, MO, and Bayonne, NJ.The company has created a core foundation to continue to grow the company and sustain financial stability. Since the inception of the organization in 1936, Huffman trucking has grown their fleet of tractor-trailers from one to over 800 tractors, 2,100 45 foot trailers, and 260 roll on/ roll off units. Huffman trucking also employees 925 drivers and 425 technical support staff members, which is based from the increase in business that they have seen over the years from their acquisitions of five other freight companies.The mission of Huffman trucking is â€Å"to be a profitable, growing, adaptive company in an intensively competitive logistical services business environment†. Huffman Trucking according to the mission statement wants to be a competitive company within the logistics industry, and they also want to maintain the growth and profitability that they have experienced over the years. The vision statement of Huffman Trucking is â€Å"to be a model company to our stockholde rs, employees, customers, and all stakeholders†.Through the vision statement that Huffman Trucking has put into place at their organization they want to be a company that does right by all the people that are investors in the company, as well as, the employees and customers that are also valued by the organization. In analyzing the mission and vision statements of the company, Huffman Trucking existence is to maintain their market share in the logistics industry by treating the customer, employees, stock, and stakeholders with the upmost respect and consideration.The reason that Huffman Trucking uses the business structure that they have is to maintain the solid structure of the employment, and maintain the growth of the business in the industry of logistics. Huffman Trucking is a company that prides themselves on the idea that taking care of the employees will help the employees will take care of the customers, and the revenues from the customers will help the business and th e stock and stakeholders maintain their edge. Huffman Trucking is a leader in the industry of logistics, and is one of the larger corporations that are in operation.The contracts that Huffman Trucking has are strong stable contracts that will help the vision and mission of the company to be successful in the completion and achievement of the goals that they set for the organization. Huffman Trucking has a strong foundation and the future of the organization is solid with the contracts that are in place from years to come. The services that Huffman Trucking offers to its customers are services that can help the growth of the business, and to maintain the competitive edge that Huffman Trucking has over its competition.Huffman Trucking is a privately held United States based company. Huffman Trucking’s Mission Statement is â€Å"to be a profitable, growing, adaptive company in an intensively competitive logistical services business environment†(Huffman Trucking, 2012). Hu ffman’s Trucking Vision Statement is â€Å"to be a model company to our stockholders, employees, customers and all stakeholders† (Huffman Trucking, 2012). Huffman trucking has implemented the following steps of the collaboration process that must be employed to achieve organizational goals.The action plan to implement the collaboration process is to create an important objective, build, sustain, or enhance a core competence or competitive advantage, important new market opportunities as well as mitigate significant risk to the trucking business. Facilitating the close cross-company by merger and acquisition strategies play a part in Huffman trucking. Expanding the company’s geographic coverage and independently developing whatever resources and know-how were needed to be successful was imperative. Huffman Trucking has facilities in four major cities in the United States, Cleveland, OH, Los Angeles, CA, St.Louis, MO, and Bayonne, NJ. In order for Huffman Trucking to be a successful business there had to be several things put into place. The mission of the company is to be a profitable, growing, adaptive company in an intensively competitive logistical services business environment. The vision of Huffman Trucking is to be a model company to our stockholders, employees, customers and all stakeholders. In order for Huffman Trucking to be able to achieve the mission and reach the vision for the company there had to be the use of collaborations within. Such collaborations would include lateral and vertical collaborations.Lateral collaboration is where a group of people with the same ranking work together to accomplish a task. An example of lateral collaboration would be if two or more of the floor employees work together to try and come up with a way to increase production. A vertical collaboration would occur when a person of higher rank works with a person of lower rank to accomplish a goal. The CEO of the company working with a floor shift ma nager to try to increase production would be an example of vertical collaboration. Looking on the service request page, there has been many requests for service made by different people.One request that was made was made by the CIO for a Windows server upgrade for all the network locations. The expected goal of this server upgrade is to provide a migration path from the current network to one running Windows Server 2008. An action plan will be put together in order to accomplish this goal. Vertical collaboration will be used as the CIO works together with the IT department in order to accomplish the task of upgrading the server. They will work together to make sure that the server upgrade allows Huffman Trucking to do everything that it needs to be successful such as the right domain model and network dministration for all sites. An action plan will then be put into effect for lateral collaboration. This will allow the front line staff to develop ways that the upgraded server can he lp them. Examples of that would be that Administrative control of domain controllers can be decentralized if needed and allows the drivers to have access to at least one computer at each site. Huffman Trucking takes great pride in their company not only for their employees and customers but also for their stakeholders.They have developed a mission statement for their stakeholders; â€Å"We will maintain continuous awareness of our stakeholders and apply the test of reasonableness to assure our business practices are commensurate with stakeholder expectations. † (Virtual Organization) By identify awareness to the stakeholders, they will want to continue to invest in Huffman Trucking. Some of the stakeholders include; President/CEO, VP of Transportation, VP of Equipment, VP of Real Estate, VP of Terminal Operations, VP of Sales, Shareholders and all employees.The collaborative interaction between the Huffman Trucking Executive Management is critical to the success of the busine ss. They are the making the deciding factors for each category that they are over. At the end of the day, each VP relies on another VP in order to proceed with their decisions. The management team must work together in order to ensure that Huffman Trucking and the Stakeholders are happy and successful. At the end of the day, if the stakeholders do no collaborate together all of them will lose out. Huffman Trucking has created a company that continues to grow and build upon their success year after year.By staying true to their mission and vision statement the company will be able to open up more locations in the United States. Huffman trucking has a clear strategic plan that allows them to have a strong internal and vertical collaboration. By keeping their focus and foundation alive to their shareholders, stakeholders, employees, and customers Huffman Trucking will continue to be a leading trucking company. References Virtual Organization Portal. (2012) Huffman Trucking. Retrieved o n October 29, 2012 from http://ecampus. phoenix. edu

Charles Mingus Essays

Charles Mingus Essays Charles Mingus Essay Charles Mingus Essay provided an ideal forum to express to his wide audience his Charles Mining Discography session index. 2001. Jazz Discography Project. Retrieved 03 August, 2013, from ]zodiacs. Org/Charles-mining/discography/session-index/ Mining, Charles. Contemporary Musicians. Volvo. 9. Gale Coinage, 2006 4 M. Reef, Unexpected Activism. A Study of Louis Armstrong and Charles Mining as Activists Using 5 James Coots Theory of Public Versus Hidden Transcripts, p. 18 Thomas Vacancies Arrival E. Faustus, who in 1957 sent out the National Guard to prevent the integration of Little Rock Central High School by nine African American teenagers. And response from the horn section which is played in a combination of a somewhat mocking tone in order to depict Faustus as a fool, and in a raucous tone, to portray the anger as present n the African American community jazz critic Don Hickman who commented a classic Negro put-down in which satire becomes a deadly rapier-thrust. Faustus emerges in a glare of ridicule as a mock villain whom no-one really takes seriously. This kind of commentary Appears far too rarely in Jazz. achieved international acclaim as it was played and recorded extensively by the Mining Band during their 1964 European Tour. The influence of this composition was obvious in the Jazz community as it was recorded and played on numerous occasions by various musicians, including white musicians he popularity of Mining compositions, which depicted harsh, emotional power, influenced his musical peers to become increasingly outspoken and to play Mining political compositions. Mining influence in the political Jazz climate increased political action in his fellow jazz musicians and also those people in the public who attended his concerts. Racist practices in the recording industry, the conversationalist of music festivals, and the exploitation of black artists led to Mining forming his own record company Debut Records, his own publishing company, organizing a counter-festival to the increasingly commercialese Newport Jazz Festival, and founding the Jazz Artists Guild GAG) a collective in powerful classes was most evident in the formation of the JAG. The JAG was influential in preceding numerous musicians collectives which were all cooperative ventures that protested the rules governing the Jazz marketplace 1 a powerful force against racial discrimination, particularly in the music industry. Mining ability to communicate an agenda of resistance and protest to his audience hidden transcripts such as allegories in his compositions and musical statements made him ore outspoken than his counterparts Brown v. Board at Fifty: With an Even Hand. 2013. Library of Congress. Retrieved 06 June, 2013, from 6 Loc. Gob/exhibits/brown/brown-aftermath. HTML Fables of Faustus Song Review Ken Dryden. All Music. Retrieved 18 July, 2013, from http:// 7 www. Alembic. Com/song/fables-of-Faustus-mt0007689362 8 Hickman, Don (August 1962). About Charles Mining. American Record Guide: 916-18. AS cited cantors 2001, p. 198 The European Tour of 1964, Charles Mining, Retrieved 06 June, 2013, from http:// 9 mining. Monotone. Info/1964. HTML 10 (Masterpieces), p. M. Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Mining and the Civil Rights Movement 11 (Masterpieces), p. 16 MM. Reef, Unexpected Activism. A Study of Louis Armstrong and Charles Mining as . In 1962, the song was re-recorded with lyrics to further . Musicians Joined Mining protest and thus presented . Thus, he could use music as a vehicle to express 3 strong political views supported the clear activism Mining freedom for Justice through music was an effective way of influencing the ordinate classes and subordinate classes. This was achieved through compositional devices and was giggly effective as it exemplified counterculture through music. He played bebop; a style of modern Jazz that developed in New York City during the early sass. It contained fast tempos, open soloing and complicated improvisation. 14 from post sass, bebop was a form of aesthetic protest and rebellion. 1 5 permanent black experience of oppression and discrimination in the USA. 16 interacted with the communal ideas of the CRM. Eh merged musical elements that represented diverse social groups within the Black community. He combined modern bebop elements with blues and sacred gospel music, representative of the lower classes pacification of bebop, combined with lower class blues and gospel music, Mining unified a diverse social group including the ordinate musician class through free, musical expression. Mining also used collective improvisation, a method where musicians improvised simultaneously. It bayed particular attention to how each band member interacted with the group as a whole. 19 band member expressed their musical freedom whilst playing a style of music reflecting Black grievances against discrimination. Mining captured the ordinate musician classes as many notable musicians played Mining songs which included these compositional consequences they exerted activism. In Fables of Faustus, Mining cleverly uses lyrics in conjunction with staccato (short and choppy) notes, stable sounds and unstable sounds which produces a tone of insanity. Since this song attempts to criticism Governor Faustus, this compositional device gives the impression that Faustus is psychotic. Hence, Mining used compositional form of activism to underpin the outspoken forms of activism. These combined forms of activism created a unique and powerful view towards the CRM. According to many African-American scholars This created potential for a visual image for an open protest as each Unexpected Activism: A Study of Louis Armstrong and Charles Mining as Activists Using James 13 Coots Theory of Public Versus Hidden Transcripts, up. 18, Melanie Riff bebop. 2013. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved 08 August, 2013, prompt:// 14 www. Britannica. Com/Upchucked/topic/57837/bebop 15 M. Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Mining and the Civil Rights Movement (Masterpieces), p. 7 MM. Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Mining and the Civil Rights Movement (Masterpieces), p. 38 MM. Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Mining and the Civil Rights Movement Masterpieces), p. 89 18 Retrieved July 19 23, 2013, from http://accent. Columbia. Du/pro]sects/]glossary/c/ collective_improvisation. HTML Charles Mining Cover Songs. 2009. Covers Project. Retrieved July 23, 2013, from www. Coversheet. Com/artist/Charles musingsMiMiningdentified music as a means of unity, insisting that music is all one21 comparisons with racial segregation and music genres. He attempted to break the barriers that lay between Jazz and classical music by incorporating elements from both fields, creating a medium. 22 musicians where he imagined a world free of racial restrictions and generic atdisgorgesHis activism was in the form of outspoken statements where he called for greater integration in the music world; Today, musicians in all races are proving that no race is endowed with special abilities for any profession and that every musician has an equal chance if given the proper start and study needed for playing correctly. 23 Arguably his most effective contribution to the CRM was his articulation of free musical expression as depicted in the prestigious downbeat magazines. MiMiningerecognizedf Jazz Journalist and its effect on the ability of the Jazz musician to make a living as Black West Coast America suffered from a lack of critique and was subsequently not rerecognizedn merit. He wrote to Gleason, expressing his belief that music was an expression of the emotional self. In doing so, he tried to create a climate in which these musicians would have the creative freedom and material resources to pursue their art. By writing to the critic, MiMiningrticulated his aesthetic vision of inequality in the music business. This encouraged musicians in the future to strive for free musical expression, where black musicians would predominantly create music infused with musical expression ideas about race, culture citizenship, civil and coeconomicights, and black rirightisthe supportive critic, Gleason. MiMiningethos prior to this publication was already respected as he had been written glowingly in Downbeat during 1949. Therefore, he was more influential to the ordinate musician class. This was further underpinned when the article was reproduced in 1953 and to an even greater extent when MiMiningonducted a CoColorlind Test, notable musicians had to identify personnel on records people identifying anonymous black artists as white artists and vice versa. The results were published, along with the support of critic

Free Essays on Data-Oriented And Conection-Oriended Networking

Data-oriented networking ABSTRACT Differentiates between connection-oriented and data-oriented networking, identifies the advantages of data-oriented networks, argues that Internet web architecture is becoming more data-oriented, and suggests ways of encouraging and accelerating this trend. Contemporary Internet architecture is heavily connection-oriented. IP underlies almost all Internet operations, and its fundamental operation is to deliver a data packet to an endpoint. TCP uses IP to sequence streams of data packets to those endpoints; higher-level services, such as HTTP, are built using TCP. All of these operations are based upon the underlying IP addresses, which identify specific machines and devices. Even UDP operations are connection-oriented in the sense that UDP addresses identify a specific machine on the Internet with which a connection (even just a single packet) must be established. Note that I use the term connection-oriented in a somewhat different sense than the traditional distinction between connection-oriented and connection less protocols. More recently, Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) have emerged as the dominant means for users to identify web resources. The distinction is not merely one of introducing a new protocol with new terminology, either. URLs are used to name blocks of data, not network devices. Especially with the advent of caching, it's now clear that a web browser may not have to make any network connections at all in order to retrieve and display a web page. "Retrieving" a URL differs significantly from opening an HTTP session, since an HTTP session implies a network connection to a named device, while accessing a URL implies only that its associated data (stored, perhaps, on a local disk) is made available. HTTP, SMTP, ssh, and other TCP-based protocols are inherently connection-oriented, while the URL is inherently data... Free Essays on Data-Oriented And Conection-Oriended Networking Free Essays on Data-Oriented And Conection-Oriended Networking Data-oriented networking ABSTRACT Differentiates between connection-oriented and data-oriented networking, identifies the advantages of data-oriented networks, argues that Internet web architecture is becoming more data-oriented, and suggests ways of encouraging and accelerating this trend. Contemporary Internet architecture is heavily connection-oriented. IP underlies almost all Internet operations, and its fundamental operation is to deliver a data packet to an endpoint. TCP uses IP to sequence streams of data packets to those endpoints; higher-level services, such as HTTP, are built using TCP. All of these operations are based upon the underlying IP addresses, which identify specific machines and devices. Even UDP operations are connection-oriented in the sense that UDP addresses identify a specific machine on the Internet with which a connection (even just a single packet) must be established. Note that I use the term connection-oriented in a somewhat different sense than the traditional distinction between connection-oriented and connection less protocols. More recently, Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) have emerged as the dominant means for users to identify web resources. The distinction is not merely one of introducing a new protocol with new terminology, either. URLs are used to name blocks of data, not network devices. Especially with the advent of caching, it's now clear that a web browser may not have to make any network connections at all in order to retrieve and display a web page. "Retrieving" a URL differs significantly from opening an HTTP session, since an HTTP session implies a network connection to a named device, while accessing a URL implies only that its associated data (stored, perhaps, on a local disk) is made available. HTTP, SMTP, ssh, and other TCP-based protocols are inherently connection-oriented, while the URL is inherently data...

Refitting the pieces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Refitting the pieces - Essay Example The results of the interactive Jigsaw Puzzle Media Piece exercise revealed one’s personal worldview is formed and composed of three essential components. The three components that make up my worldview are God, Ethics and Knowledge, because they shaped my thoughts, experiences, education and life decisions.Believing and trusting God’s Word provides a lively faith and confidence in God’s promises. One of the most significant lessons I learned is to live and learn from the Bible. Believing and trusting God’s Word and incorporating the Gospel in our lives will create a positive worldview and generate consistent worldview beliefs. God’s teaching, as detailed in the Bible shared messages of loving one’s neighbor as oneself and to obey the commandments. There were instances in life where trials and challenges are faced through death of loved ones or through troubles in relationships. The lessons of love revealed in the passages of 1 Corinthians 13 g ive the greatness of love in its capacity to encompass patience, kindness, hope and the constant pursuit for truth (Bible Gateway, 2010).Embracing God’s worldview steers us to make sound choices and life decisions. Those decisions uncover who we are, what we believe, and our purpose. When difficulties become pressing, the faith and trust in God gives courage and comfort that everything would come to pass and that these trials are just temporary incidents that are made to be experienced to make us stronger to face vicissitudes in the future. The Bible creates a moral compass for people to learn and make life decisions. As a book that gives guidance in the form of messages, one is directed to focus on specific aspects in one’s personality that needs to be addressed. For example, people who face problems in disobeying God’s commandments would find answers in Deuteronomy 27:11-27: â€Å"(â€Å"Cursed be he that confirmeth not all the words of this law to do them. And all the people shall say, Amen† (Deuteronomy 27:26)† (Deeper Christian Life Ministry, 2011, par. 1). Those who are reflecting on taking one’s life or killing others would find answers in the value and sanctity of life through this verse: â€Å"Don?t you know that you yourselves are God?s Temple and that God?s spirit lives in you?† 1 Corinthians 2:16† (The Bible and the Sanctity of Life, n.d., par. 10). Following God’s Word creates the foundation necessary to choose between good and evil and right and wrong . My life decision is to learn, teach and follow the scripture but to also keep an open mind to others beliefs, opinions, and worldviews. Keeping an open mind means being open to accommodate diverse points of views and perspectives from different cultural and ethical orientations. With regards to ethics, one’s personal contention is to treat everyone like you would want to be treated. Being ethical (moral) is how humans relate to one another, how you relate to yourself, and how you relate to your creator. The word of God provides one with the direction and guidance to avoid treating others unethically or immorality. One’s personal beliefs, values and standards on fair and equally treatment in according human rights can impact in a negative or positive manner, depending on the person and how they apply it. For example, there have been controversial issues of equality in gender and race in organizations. With one’s commitment to ethical codes of conduct, one is co mmitted to treat all

PEST Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PEST - Assignment Example . The democratic political setting in the country and for its neighbours has an impact of peace and confidence that the system can assure to investors. The cost of business operations are largely determined by free economic forces of demand and supply, since democratic establishments do not interfere with market forces. Business is also favoured by the fact that extra costs incurred during political unrest occasioned by political instabilities are not a factor in the country. Government policies that directly influence business operations are targeted at making Singapore achieve a major stake in Asian economy. For instance, judicial system which may act as an indicator of investor security was ranked one of the best in Asia in 2008. A survey in the year placed Singapore ahead of major economies such as Japan and China. Heavy judicial penalties that include corporal punishment and death sentences are imposed on defaulters of established business practices, sending pleasant and protective signals to investors. However, Amnesty International and other human rights bodies have continually criticised these penalties. Information on taxation and foreigners’ ownership of property in Singapore is yet to be determined for a clearer political picture. Foreign policies adopted by Singapore have established cordial relations with the United Nations, Commonwealth as ASEAN movements. Business relations with almost the entire world are therefore facilitated in Singapore foreign relations framework. The strategic roles played by Singapore in international treaties and forums have enabled a good business environment to be established with its counterparts. A good example is the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, whose secretariat is located in Singapore position it at an important economic advantage. According to recent Government Monitor (2010), economic dip did not affect the

Experience as the Part of a Team Personal Statement

Experience as the Part of a Team - Personal Statement Example In this regard, I was required to recognize and apply basic programming and modeling concepts that we have learned so far. There was a great deal of analysis, coding, testing, evaluation, involved, which has to be done in cycles in order to achieve our development goals. I found that my responsibilities were not that easy and concluded that if I have not paid enough attention and became engaged and involved with other steps and aspects of the project, especially those tasks and work allotted to my teammates, I would not have finished my own tasks successfully and correctly. The whole process is just one of the practice environments that allowed us, students, to learn not just about product or system being developed but the processes involved especially those that concern factors such as teamwork in designing, programming and modeling systems. In this regard, the help of our instructor has helped me a lot. As previously mentioned, there was a need to document and reflect on what we have done. I thought that this was easy but actually it was not. It required additional effort on our part. Particularly the assistance offered in areas of difficulty such as in examining diagrams or developing coding solutions were very valuable. The instructor was also very helpful in the way we are able to divide responsibilities in a systematic way. The group is quite pleased that we were able to work seamlessly. I think this was made possible because of the fact that we are able to divide tasks according to our competencies. I believe that the objective of the entire activity and project development is to enhance our knowledge especially in the face of the constantly changing state of our minds in terms of knowledge acquisition as we labor on with this particular course.  

Equations of Motion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Equations of Motion - Essay Example In absence of sliding the motion of rolling is normally called pure rolling (Walker, 2010). This means that for a rolling object the mass centre moves by the translational motion, where as the other parts of the object, rotate around the centre mass. In practical experiments, the small deformations on the area of contact results into sliding. The resistance in rolling is lower than the friction due to sliding, hence rolling objects need minimal energy to be shifted than the sliding objects. In this respect, such objects move in an easier manner, whenever they go through some force due to a component along the surface (Adams, 2008). For example the existence of gravity on a surface that is tilted. Different from symmetrical objects, a cone’s rolling motion, happens in a manner such that during rolling, on a surface that is flat, the centre of gravity goes through a circular motion instead of a linear motion. The objects that roll may not only be axially symmetrical. The princip le of rolling objects has been applied in the bearings of rolling elements like ball bearings in devices that are rotating. These objects are normally made of smooth metal substances, and the elements that roll encased in between the two rotating rings. In many processes, the ring in the inner part is normally linked to the stationery shaft. In this respect, as the inner ring remains stationery the outer ring remains free to allow movements having very minimal friction. This principle has been applied in motors. In many cases, the quantity of friction is depended on the parts mechanisms, ball bearings quality, and the amount of lubricants within the mechanism (Adams. 2008). Additionally, rolling objects are mostly used as transportation tools. One key way is through keeping the object on a number of rollers that are lined-up. The wheel objects are normally moved along a straight line, especially when the wheels are replaced continuously to the front.. For a rolling object, the parti cle velocity is normally given by; Velocity = r x w....................

Laser Triangulation for 3D Shape Estimation Essay

Laser Triangulation for 3D Shape Estimation - Essay Example Consequently, this case provides an in-depth critical and analytical overview of the processes followed in order to make the process a success. The areas to be accessed include the utilization of project planning and control methodologies, accounting structures, the efficiency of team building and application of formal management techniques in making the project productive. In the first phase of project planning, the team made use of Gantt chart to help in effective mapping out of the activities considered critical for the completion. In which case, the team considered Gantt chart useful in giving a chance for aligning important tasks, which could be carried out in parallel; and most of all aligning them sequentially. The tasks were aligned in order of their completion, with the first to be finished put as the first. In which case, the first task was Task analysis, meant to take one day, and the last was reporting, which was meant to go for almost half of the duration required to complete the project. Through the Gantt chart, the team was able to evaluate the trade off on the basis of scope, cost and timescales meant for the project. As the result, the team was able to manipulate the end date of each task and that of the overall project to suit the resource constraints. The group was efficient in controlling the resources used, through utilizing the three major aspects of a Gantt chart: predicted use of time, actual use of time, the deadline for submission. In this scenario, the team determined the activities which were deemed to be finished after the deadline; for instance, the team realized that they could not finish the final design in time to move on to the manufacturing state. Consequently, they had to apply proper management strategies to ensure that the slack time to be placed for the completion of the project did not interfere with the completion of subsequent activities.  

To what extent are the different economic reform outcomes in China and Essay

To what extent are the different economic reform outcomes in China and Russia (or plus Eastern Europe) due to the pace of reform - Essay Example Thus, with the help of liberal policies, these economies significantly progressed and grown to match up the growth of the western developed nations. The reform in China had taken place in 1978 but in Russia it took place in 1991. This essay tries to enumerate the contrasting reforming strategies undertaken in Russia and China. The essay will also elaborate the economic outcomes of the reforms. The reforms of China and Russia were both considered to be Communist reforms but the outcomes of the reforms were different in the two countries. After the demise of communism, the reforms of Russia took place at a relatively faster rate. However, in China, the free market oriented reforms took place gradually over years (Eich, Gust and Soto, 2012, p.5-8). The communist government of China has tackled these reforms over years. Thus, it is highly rational to analyze the causes and outcomes of the different pace based reforms in the two countries (Hanson and Teague, 2013, p.3-4). The centrally framed Five-Year plan model of China (1953-1957) was gradually abandoned in 1978, when the country transformed itself into a free market economy. The reforms were undertaken by the Chinese Communist Party for improving the competency of the Chinese economy in terms of a fourfold modernization path. The head of the Communist Party, Premier Zhou Enlai, had claimed that the reforms had aimed to improve the agricultural, industrial, service and technology sectors of the country (Eich, Gust and Soto, 2012, p.9). The first reform in China took place from 1966 to 1976, it was known as the Cultural Revolution. The reform was undertaken for improving the social status of the people of China. Ruthless political power and control imposed on the Chinese individuals were removed through this reform. The second phase of reform took place in 1970, when the officials of the central planning system complained about the inefficiency and weakness of the system (Joshua,

Equations of Motion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Equations of Motion - Essay Example In absence of sliding the motion of rolling is normally called pure rolling (Walker, 2010). This means that for a rolling object the mass centre moves by the translational motion, where as the other parts of the object, rotate around the centre mass. In practical experiments, the small deformations on the area of contact results into sliding. The resistance in rolling is lower than the friction due to sliding, hence rolling objects need minimal energy to be shifted than the sliding objects. In this respect, such objects move in an easier manner, whenever they go through some force due to a component along the surface (Adams, 2008). For example the existence of gravity on a surface that is tilted. Different from symmetrical objects, a cone’s rolling motion, happens in a manner such that during rolling, on a surface that is flat, the centre of gravity goes through a circular motion instead of a linear motion. The objects that roll may not only be axially symmetrical. The princip le of rolling objects has been applied in the bearings of rolling elements like ball bearings in devices that are rotating. These objects are normally made of smooth metal substances, and the elements that roll encased in between the two rotating rings. In many processes, the ring in the inner part is normally linked to the stationery shaft. In this respect, as the inner ring remains stationery the outer ring remains free to allow movements having very minimal friction. This principle has been applied in motors. In many cases, the quantity of friction is depended on the parts mechanisms, ball bearings quality, and the amount of lubricants within the mechanism (Adams. 2008). Additionally, rolling objects are mostly used as transportation tools. One key way is through keeping the object on a number of rollers that are lined-up. The wheel objects are normally moved along a straight line, especially when the wheels are replaced continuously to the front.. For a rolling object, the parti cle velocity is normally given by; Velocity = r x w....................

To what extent are the different economic reform outcomes in China and Essay

To what extent are the different economic reform outcomes in China and Russia (or plus Eastern Europe) due to the pace of reform - Essay Example Thus, with the help of liberal policies, these economies significantly progressed and grown to match up the growth of the western developed nations. The reform in China had taken place in 1978 but in Russia it took place in 1991. This essay tries to enumerate the contrasting reforming strategies undertaken in Russia and China. The essay will also elaborate the economic outcomes of the reforms. The reforms of China and Russia were both considered to be Communist reforms but the outcomes of the reforms were different in the two countries. After the demise of communism, the reforms of Russia took place at a relatively faster rate. However, in China, the free market oriented reforms took place gradually over years (Eich, Gust and Soto, 2012, p.5-8). The communist government of China has tackled these reforms over years. Thus, it is highly rational to analyze the causes and outcomes of the different pace based reforms in the two countries (Hanson and Teague, 2013, p.3-4). The centrally framed Five-Year plan model of China (1953-1957) was gradually abandoned in 1978, when the country transformed itself into a free market economy. The reforms were undertaken by the Chinese Communist Party for improving the competency of the Chinese economy in terms of a fourfold modernization path. The head of the Communist Party, Premier Zhou Enlai, had claimed that the reforms had aimed to improve the agricultural, industrial, service and technology sectors of the country (Eich, Gust and Soto, 2012, p.9). The first reform in China took place from 1966 to 1976, it was known as the Cultural Revolution. The reform was undertaken for improving the social status of the people of China. Ruthless political power and control imposed on the Chinese individuals were removed through this reform. The second phase of reform took place in 1970, when the officials of the central planning system complained about the inefficiency and weakness of the system (Joshua,

Criticism of Quitak’s Child observation Essay Example for Free

Criticism of Quitak’s Child observation Essay Quitak first explains that she is â€Å"working on the assumption that the problematic aspects of our experience contain the maximum potential†. However I think it is important to clarify from the outset, how she reached this assumption, as the reader does not know whether she went into the observation with this belief or whether these assumptions were developed as a result of her observation. There is another important omission relating to who the author actually is. She hasn’t positively stated that she is a Social Work student, although this is implied when she states that her observations had â€Å"implications for social work. † Therefore it is difficult to ascertain her purpose for carrying out the observations. Furthermore Quitak fails to mention how she came to select the child included in her observations, how many observation sessions took place and the length of the sessions. Therefore the reader is unable to assess whether there were any issues of bias involved in her selection process. The fact that she is the product of English middle class parents means she may be going into the study with particular assumptions, as she is observing a child who has a Palestinian parent. A significant area which was lacking in her observations was her inability to â€Å"tune in to Selena’s inner world† (pg 250), although Quitak does acknowledge this omission. She didn’t really try to question and understand Selena’s behaviour or how she might be feeling when she demonstrated behaviour she didn’t like, which meant her observation suffered as a result. King (2010) stresses the importance of â€Å"to access the child’s emotional world†.

Inquiry Into The Death Of David Bennett

Inquiry Into The Death Of David Bennett This essay aims to critically analyse the Sir John Blofeld inquiry report into the death of David Bennett in 1998, through the theme of institutional racism. In order to achieve this, I will give a brief background to the inquiry chaired by Blofeld in 2001. This will enable me to reflect upon the various aspects of this particular case and build a context for the inquiry. I will look at explanation of evidence based practice to social work and seek to learn from the report in order to inform my own practice. The choice of the above theme reflects my belief in anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory as a good social work practice. Mr David Bennett was an African-Caribbean. He suffered from schizophrenia. He had been receiving treatment for his mental illness for some eighteen years before the date of his death. On that evening, Mr David Bennett had been in an incident with another patient who was white. During that incident, each man struck out at the other. Mr David Bennett was also the recipient of repeated racist abuse from the other patient. After this incident, Mr David Bennett was moved to another ward. While in that ward he hit a nurse. He was then restrained by a number of nurses and a struggle developed. He was taken to the floor and placed in a prone position, face-down, on the floor. During the prolonged struggle that then continued he collapsed and died. The first part of the Inquiry covers the whole period of Mr David Bennetts illness, the events leading up to his death and certain other events that took place during the hours and days following his death. I will provide a definition of evidence based practice. Evidence based practice is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals (Newman et al 2005, P: 4). It calls for decision making that is considered rather than reactive. Therefore professional should be equipped with the knowledge that will enable them to discharge their responsibility effectively, and they must continue to learn, and put that learning in practice. Decision making at an individual level must also be informed by professional judgement and intimate knowledge of the clients personal narrative. Evidence-based practice cannot deliver certainties just increase probabilities (Newman et al 2005). Inquiries have been crucial to raise societys awareness about social problems that disadvantaged groups of people face. For practitioners, the reports of these inquiries have indentified some valuable lessons to be used to refine policies and everyday practice. The findings from MacPherson report into the death of Stephen Lawrence and the Ritchie Inquiry into the care and treatment of Christopher Clunis found institutional racism in the mental health and police. The same problem identified by Blofeld inquiry into the death of David Bennett. Benefits of public inquiry, according to Brammer (2007, P: 291), include its ability to ascertain the facts of the case; learn lessons for the future and to meet public concern. Prior to the death of Bennett, there had been a number of deaths of BME people in psychiatric custody that had concerned the Institute of Race Relations. These included the death of Orville Blackwood in Broadmoor Hospital in 1991 through to the death of Veron Cowan at Blackberry Hill Hospital in Bristol in 1996 (Athwal,2004). The critical atmospheres of inquiries and media attention lead to the belief that there was institutional racism. This put the activities of psychiatrics are usually under scrutiny during public inquiries into the death of BME and as a result, such inquiries have had an impact upon their morale in practice. I will now define institutional racism. The definition set out in the Macpherson Report (1999) is: Institutional racism is the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin. It can be seen or detected in processes, attitudes and behaviour which amount to discrimination through unwitting prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness and racist stereotyping, which disadvantage minority ethnic people. (Macpherson 1999). Institutional racism is a systematic set of patterns, procedures, practices, and policies that operate within institutions so as to consistently penalise, disadvantage, and exploit individuals who are members of non-White groups (Better, 2002). Institutional racism in mental health hospitals could be evidenced in a number of ways. Failing to provide BME patients with an adequate diagnosis, not providing them with a coherent treatment plan, not offering appropriate treatment and failing to meet needs are common examples. As Singh concludes: Such failures occur repeatedly over many encounters with the services, and several clinicians individually and collectively contribute to the poor decision-making. These experiences are replicated nationally for patients from ethnic minority groups. (Singh, 2007, p: 363). In the case of David Bennett inquiry 2003, all external experts agreed unanimously that institutional racism exists in psychiatric services. In UK, racist practice is not openly or publicly encouraged, according to Race and Relations Act. The public is concerned with institutional racism (the inequalities) in mental health, and there is evidence that Black minority ethnic (BME) people are marginalised in mental health services. Misdiagnosis200 When black people come into contact with professionals such as the psychiatrists or health workers, they focus inappropriately on culture, and ethnicity at the expense of sound clinical judgement and this is where BME Patients experience misdiagnosis and poor health care. In case of David Bennett, his early contact with mental health services, the psychiatrist (Dr Feggetter) was dismissive and believed that his problems were due to cannabis intoxication. From 1980 to 1985 professionals thought that it was his use of cannabis that was causing the problem rather than this mental ill-health, but he was diagnosed later as suffering from schizophrenia. Therefore, the stereotypes can form the basis of misdiagnosis. Pilgrim and Rogers (1999) are of the view that professionals appear to have a limited capacity to recognise psychiatric disorders in black patients compared with other patients. Young black men are misdiagnosed by the mental system, which tends to operate on the basis of limited or inadequate knowledge of black communities and using stereotypical expectations of young black mens behaviours (Fernando, 1998). Treatment 300 Experts estimate that black people are three times more likely to be diagnosed as schizophrenic but less likely to be diagnosed with depression (McKenzie 1999). Also, there is evidence that black men were more likely than others to be held in secure in-patient environments. Pilgrim (2005, P: 32) suggests that racial biases mean black people are disproportionately dealt with by specialists mental health services, and as these services are characterised by coercive practices, one could interpret this as institutional racism. More so, on the clinical side of treatment, In relation to Bennetts treatment at the Norvic Clinic, the report refers to actions by professionals which can be seen as driven by institutional racism. Dr Sagovsky related that Bennett was on a particularly high level of anti-psychotic drugs as he was seen as especially dangerous (Bennett Report, 2003, P: 10), a view that may have been linked to Bennetts physical appearance. Ultimately, this combination of drugs was de scribed as troubling (Bennett Report, 2003, P: 26) by the inquiry, even if it could not be directly linked to Bennetts death Sandhu (2007) argue that many people from BME backgrounds complain that mental health services focus primarily on medication maintenance and control therefore; appropriate chances for recovery are limited. The diagnosis applied to the black patients were, however, significantly different from those applied to the white patients. A research by Littlewood and cross (1980, p: 121) found that stereotyped attitudes led to assumptions that ECT is suitable for black patients than white patients. Blackness and madness plus dangerousness. 220 In addition to that, black patients are dealt with impartially in the psychiatric units, their level of dangerousness is assessed objectively on the basis of information provided and likelihood of mental illness based on history. Bennett was a very athletic young man, staffs were frightened of him. These misconceptions about black people that have also become embedded in mental health practices often combine to influence the way in which mental health services assess and respond to the needs of black people. Restraints Brammer (2007, P: 467) is of the view that there is evidence that practice race is considered an index for dangerousness in mental health field. Staff working with Bennett perceived his race as dangerousness, and so the staff had to use too much force to restrain him, by pinning him down for long when they should not have done so. To some sources; it is a serious failure of training that no time limits were given for the restraint of a person in a prone position, but to others its racism. Fernando (2002) the dangerousness of a BME patient is determined by racial stereotypes of black people while other factors are ignored. This is institutional racism, how can race determine dangerousness of patients. Fernando (2002) further highlights that the power of people working in mental health provide cover for racism to operate unchallenged. This denial of racism is common within organisations where it can be found. Collier (1999) suggests that: The oddest thing about institutional racism is the blindness of the perpetrators. In a racist organisation outrageous thoughts and behaviours are acceptable and all apparently without questioning.worse still the victims are caught too as they seem paralysed, unable or unwilling to protest in case they suffer more. Admissions 320 One way in which institutional racism manifests itself is the over-representation of BME in compulsory admission in psychiatric units. The count me in the census for England and Wales showed higher rates of admission for mental illness and more adverse pathways to care for some BME groups and led to accusations of institutional racism within psychiatry. The keys issues identified in the Bennett report are common to discussion around BME communities and mental health, namely the high levels of compulsory detention. As Patel and Heginbotham (2007, p: 367) write: Either there is an epidemic of mental illness among certain Black groups or there are seriously worrying practices that are leading to disproportionate levels of admission. A large number of people from ethnic minority are particularly likely to be detained under section 136 Mental Health Act 1983, and there are a large number of young Afro-Caribbean males admitted under compulsory detention into psychiatric hospitals. Nearly half of these numbers were referred by the police, courts of law, social workers and GPs (Browne 1997). By 1990s, studies reported that African Caribbean males were over-represented among those formally detained in acute in patients units, and they were also up to 3 times more likely to be sectioned than their white counterparts. This supports the view that institutional racism is popular in mental health units. However, the decision to detain a patient is necessarily preceded by patients refusal to accept help on a voluntary basis. This is because some groups of people refuse help from psychiatric services and sometimes are non- compliant. Therefore, interpreting institutional racism as the main explanation for the excess of deten tions among ethnic minorities adds little to debate and prevents the search for real causes of these differences. Cultural needs. 470 Institutional racism is about how organisations acknowledge the diversity of their client base and meet their cultural needs. The Bennett Report provided a number of examples of how these needs were not met with Bennett. For example, Dr Stanley also said that Bennett did not wear dreadlocks and yet she knew he was Rastafarian, and in most cases his religious beliefs and cultural were not mentioned through his meetings with different consultants. Staff within the system failed to understand that ignorance or thoughtlessness can lead to a form of institutional racism just as damaging as overt deliberate racism therefore; one fits with the Macpherson definition of inquiry. Further more, there is a wide-spread perception that mental health services do not have sufficient understanding of the complex and diverse religious, cultural and traditional needs of BME people and that this constitutes institutional racism as defined by Macpherson report. Dr Feggetter noted that Bennetts cultural needs were not addressed, but patients were treated as human beings. There is a need to treat each person as an individual rather than a group. Fernando (1986) shows how the effects of racism can result in depression through experience of rejection, loss and hopelessness. It may also create a bias to depression through a feeling of hopelessness and inability to exercise any control over external forces. Racial discrimination is an obvious cause of stress in the lives of people from the ethnic communities, however, any policies and practices measures to address the diverse needs of BME groups including appropriately sensitive environments taking into account patients dieta ry, religious and cultural backgrounds. Sewell (2009) differences in culture whatever it is, may lead to real differences in understanding and communication of certain experiences. It is vital to remember that there are some people within a BME group who may adhere to their cultural practices while others may not. Racial harassments The report argued that Bennetts racial, cultural or social needs were not met within the mental health system and that it failed to protect him from what were at times high levels of racial abuse from other patients. Racial harassment is a serious problem, and it is important that service providers should have clear policies and procedures to deal with inter-patients racial harassment. The report stated that staff within the system failed to understand that ignorance or thoughtlessness can develop a form of institutional racism just as damaging as overt deliberate racism. Another telling point in the report that can be seen as evidence of institutional racism is the finding that Bennett was a man who was treated at times with a degree of intolerance and at times as if he were a nuisance who had to be contained (Bennett Report 2003, P:12). In the events leading up to Bennetts death, staff failed to adequately address the sustained racial abuse that Bennett received from another patien t and also apparently ignored Bennetts complaints that he was a black man trying to cope in a white environment. Bennett was bound to feel acutely sensitive and particularly if their perception is that no action may be taken to prevent racist abuse. What is relevant here is the point that institutional racism does not have to involve direct racism by staff or members of an organisation it can equally stem from an organisational failure to address racism that might come from other service users or clients. Criticism of the theme In this section will look at the impact of institutional racism on the service user: This accusation of racism as an explanation for these findings is not productive, as It leads to several damaging consequences for the profession, ethnic minority groups and most crucially for ethnic minority patients. It is the psychiatry organisation which is discriminatory but not individual psychiatrists. Therefore, we must focus on the underlying reasons whatever those are, and try to understand the multifunctional interrelated issues which lead to the cited high admissions and detention rates for some groups in society. The different rates might also be a consequence of discrimination and racism that ethnic minority people face in Britain. It would not be surprising if the multiple victimisation that some are subjected to, led to mental distress (Hudson 1992, 4-5). Thompson (2006, P: 80) asserts that BME people become mentally ill as a result of the systematic erosion of their capacity to deal with multiple oppression. This explains why BME patients in psychiatric units become violent in the psychiatric units than when they were admitted. When we look at the case of Bennett racial abuses from other patients and control agitated him. Institutional racism acts like a self fulfilling prophecy by contributing to mistrust of services by ethnic minorities, thereby leading to delayed help seeking with increased use of detention and coercive treatments for ethnic minority patients. BMH (2009) agree that new horizons offers the opportunity to ensure that the failures highlighted within the Bennett inquiry report are taken forward and addressed through this new strategy. It goes onto suggest that there must be moves away from the medical model and admitting a disproportionate number of black patients into secure psychiatric settings. The rights and health care needs of BME are less likely to be taken seriously than those of white clients. A key element of the governments response to the Bennett Report has been the development of the Delivering Race Equality in Mental Health Care (DRE) which aims to achieve equality and tackle discrimination for all BME mental health service users. Amongst the aims of DRE are: a reduction in fear of mental health services among BME communities; reduced rates of admission of BME people to psychiatric inpatient units; reduced rates of compulsory detention for BME service users; a more active role for BME communities and service users in training and development of mental health policy and; the provision of a mental health workforce and organisation capable of delivering appropriate and responsive mental health services to BME communities (DOH, 2005). DRE is a positive initiative and is clearly aimed at clearing out any forms of institutional racism within mental health services. Social work Looking at the implications of Bennett inquiry in relation to social work practice the key tools are to combat institutional racism within mental health services has to be the use of anti-discriminatory practice. This requires social workers to understand that discrimination and oppression are often central to the situations that they encounter (Davies 2003). Within the arena of mental health, anti-discriminatory practice entails moving out of an ethnocentric frame of reference and taking account of the fact that we live in a multi-ethnic society. On a wide level, justice, equality and participation are important concepts of anti-discriminatory practice (Davies 2003). The code of practice requires that people to whom the Act is applied should be given respect for their qualities and diverse backgrounds as individuals and be assured that account will be taken of their age, sex, gender, social ethnic cultural and religious backgrounds but that general assumptions will not be made on the basis of anyone of these characteristics (Ninth Biennial report1999-2001, p: 63). In mental health participation might involve service users in the planning, coordination and evaluation of services to provide opportunities for empowerment and to ensure that services are culturally appropriate and responsive. To use the mental health code of practice 08 participation principle that service user should be involved in planning, developing and reviewing their treatment. It was cited that professional working with Bennett did not involve him at all. Empowerment within mental health can also refer to ensuring that BME service users are able to access information about services and go on to receive such services. Ideas about working in partnership with service users are also important here referring back to the Bennett report, there was little in the way of working in partnership with Bennett during the time of his illness and little evidence of empowerment or anti-discriminatory practice to try and eliminate the elements of racism within service provision (Burke and Dalrymple, 2006). The GSCC Codes of Practice lay out ways in which both social workers and management can act to combat institutional racism. The codes for social workers state that they must use established processes and procedures to challenge and report dangerous, abusive, discriminatory or exploitative behaviour and practice (3.2 GSCC codes of practice) and also crucially in challenging institutional racism. they must not condone any unlawful or unjustifiable discrimination by service users, carers or colleagues. (5.6 GSCC codes of practice). Social care employers must also establish processes under which social workers can report dangerous, discriminatory or abusive behaviour and have methods to deal with these reports (4.2 GSCC codes of practice). Such processes were clearly lacking at the Norvic Clinic when Bennett was a patient and it is important that organisations have channels for staff at all levels to challenge any forms of racism by colleagues of service users. As indicated previously, social workers working with BME service users with mental illness need to have an understanding of cultural differences between this service user group and white people. They must also treat BME service users and white service users in the same way. For example a black man presenting with possible mental illness may be talking loudly common symptoms of mental illness. However if a professional simply sees an angry black man there may be an incorrect judgement that trouble or problems may follow and an inappropriate response might be the result. (Bennett Report 2003, P: 48). Practitioners need to examine their own attitudes and ask themselves whether their practice shows any evidence of indirect discrimination, however anti-discriminatory they may feel that they are as an individual. For example, do practitioners misinterpret cultural differences as mental health symptoms, do they believe there is a link between immigration and mental illness or could they be inherently racist and see some service users as posing more of a risk simply because they are not white?. The Bennett Report found that institutional racism existed within UK mental health services and there is still work required to eliminate this. Collier (1999) asserts, Institutional racism must be stamped out, but leaving it to individuals is not to be recommended. Mechanisms must be put in position to make the change corporatenothing less is unfair or unworkable This is the key point institutional racism is far bigger than the actions of a few individuals and beyond the remit of individuals to resolve. Tackling inherent institutional racism across a large organisation needs large scale change over a period of time. The recommendations of the Bennett Report have pointed the way forward and DRE looks to build on this. Change to attitudes towards BME service users must be driven from the top downwards and be embedded in all areas of the organisation. Advocate for service user who feels that they are wrongly detained in hospital under MHA1983, inappropriate use of power under MHA83 is a trap, for social workers to fall into if they are not sufficiently aware of diversity issues of psychiatry (Thompson 2006). I have learned that I should be able to challenge racism, and should always recognise and respect diversity when working with service users. I should endeavour to always reflect on my practice using own initiatives, involve service users and their families in formulating care plans, be able to work as a team member and continue to update myself in current guidelines, policies and procedures and more so, work in anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive manner. In conclusion; Institutional racism could possibly explain why BME higher prevalence within in-patient areas of the mental health service. On the other hand, it is clearly apparent that institutional racism is still at large, what is needed here is a re-assessment of the mental health service, including new coping strategies for individuals from BME and support community wide. The breakdown of stereotyping will be necessary for both the medical professional and the wider community. It is clear that staff in mental health units have in the past ignored cultural values of others.

Absence of True Love in Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper and Boyles Astro

Absence of True Love in Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper and Boyle's Astronomer's Wife Most people in today's society have been in love or will be in love sometime in their life. I am not talking about little crushes that we call love; I am talking about that love that makes us tingle when we think about it, true love. Most people are looking for their true love, but what they are basing this love on is their idea of the ideal love. Ideal love is what we think love should be or what it should feel like. My idea of ideal love is when you want to be with the same person everyday and never get tired of them. Every time you see each other you get that same warm, tingly feeling you got the first time you saw each other. Although everyone has their own idea what the ideal love should be, they are all basing it on the idea of true love. For example, the saying "Love Conquers All" simply states that if you have love in your life you can make it through anything. The stories "Astronomer's Wife," by Kay Boyle, and "The Yellow Wallpaper," by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, bot h show that without love in a marriage there is a lifetime of heartache and pain. "The Yellow Wallpaper" and the "Astronomer's Wife" both portray the idea that over time lust and love that is not true love fades. Both of these stories are based on marriages where love is nonexistent. There may have been some form of love or affection in the beginning, but it was not true love. Neither of the marriages in these stories have the warmth and comfort that is usually associated in marriage. In "The Yellow Wallpaper" the marriage is more like a doctor-patient relationship rather than a husband-wife relationship. The marriage in the "Astronomer's Wife" is more l... ...rue love, the one that makes you tingle, will never work. The two marriages in these stories did not have true love, they may have been in love at the time but it was not lasting love that is why they ended in heartache and pain. When one is looking for true love or they think they might have found it, remember that their true love is based on their idea of the ideal love. Also, if things get rough in the relationship, or life in general, remember the saying "Love Conquers All". Works Cited Boyle, Kay. "Astronomer's Wife." Responding to Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays, and Essays. Fourth Edition. Ed. Judith A. Stanford. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003. 619-623. Gillman, Charlotte Perkins. "The Yellow Wallpaper." Responding to Literature: Stories, Poems Plays, and Essays. Fourth Edition. Ed. Judith A. Stanford. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003. 604-616.

Positivism And The Real :: essays research papers

Positivism is a trend in bourgeois philosophy, which acknowledges the orthodoxy towards empirical knowledge of natural phenomena where metaphysics and theology are regarded as inadequate and imperfect systems of knowledge. Positivism, began to rise as the main intellectual movement during the second half of the 19th century in response to the inability of speculative philosophy, witch was indeed Romanticism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the first half of 19th century, the Romanticism brought new views that helped the civilization of that time reach a higher level but it also brought the negative side effects. It brought the chaotic effect that people started in a extremely liberal way to threat the social order in the increasing dispute of 1847 to 1848 which was posed not just by revolutions but by the eruption of an insidious, continually growing, struggle of class against class. The imperceptive economic thoughts, as those in France of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, eloquent if inconsistent writer, denounced the property classifying it as theft. The revolutions of 1848 lead the way for European thinkers to develop new visions for the way of thinking that brought to the idea of Positivism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Claude Henri de Saint-Simon, French socialist/philosopher, conceived the idea of a new science of society that would result in the economic and intellectual emancipation of man. Saint-Simon thought that the new idea must be a positive philosophy based on experience and science. Another Frenchman Auguste Comte, who is considered the founder of Positivism, was the first to introduce the term â€Å"positivism.† According to Comte, the new natural sciences indicated that a new social science should be built on observation and experience. Comte also described the human history as a three-staged chronology of progress, with each stage having a different social organization based on the social environment of the time, with action based on different principles at each stage. Those were the theological stage, metaphysical stage and at last the positive era.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After its birth in France, positivism continued to spread to England where it obtained a new and better form. In fact, it was in England that the biggest positivist arose. James Stuart Mill, a writer on economy, was one of the main figures in English positivism. In his largely influential System of Logic (1843) Mill introduced the logical positivism that declared: all discoveries of truth not self-evident consist of inductions and the interpretation of inductions. Mill’s theory of logic is based on the laws association.

Politics of Democratic States Essay

Speaking more fully about the threat of terrorism and the need for intelligence to fight it, the reliance on terrorism has been very widespread when speaking of the fight against global terror. Initially, the answer to fighting terrorism was thought to be laws against terrorist activities in an effort to try to prevent terrorist acts; however, this was shown to be ineffective, evidenced by many events worldwide. Eventually, the valid conclusion was reached that solid intelligence was much more effective to prevent organized terror efforts where laws to discourage them have failed (Evening Standard-London). In yet another case, we see how intelligence has become something upon which governments large and small rely for their very survival. Indeed, no nation can survive without economic, as well as domestic security, which has caused a reliance on intelligence for economic security also. Intelligence in the Service of Economic Security In ancient times, the tribes with the most gold controlled territories because of their ability to purchase what was needed pay soldiers to fight, and so forth. In modern life, economic security is a key concern as well for every nation. Without the ability to maintain an effective military, provide for the wellbeing of the citizens, and keep the population feeling confident about the nation, indeed nothing can take place. Therefore, economic security must stay at the highest possible level, which once again is made possible through effective intelligence operations (Foucauld). Indeed, the correct intelligence is essential to the economic security of a nation because if good intelligence indicates that there are financial allocations required for a given course of defense, and massive financial resources are dedicated to that effort, it can well be a highly wise investment in the longevity of the nation. On the other hand, however, if bad intelligence leans toward a massive financial obligation which was not needed, and the obligation is made at the sacrifice of other needed alternatives, the consequences could be devastating. In this scenario, the relationship between intelligence and financial security is clear; intelligence is essential for smart budgetary decisions, but the intelligence must likewise be of sufficient accuracy to warrant valid strategic moves. In the previous section of this paper, the discussion of oil came about in terms of its strategic importance in the world; in this section that deals with finance, the oil issue bears repeating. Oil is a key economic driver worldwide, and therefore, nations rely on intelligence about the global oil supply to plan for their future initiatives. Oil, in the modern economy, is much like gold was to the early tribal leaders. The nations that have the majority of the oil supply indeed hold the key to the financial progress of the globe in their hands. Without a free flow of oil in the world, the economy is bound to stall, and chaos will ensue. Reports indicate that the nations that hold the major world supplies of oil guard the amount of available oil as a deeply guarded state secret, so as not to tip their advantage to other nations; therefore, clandestine intelligence is so very important to try to learn this information. Again, bad intelligence in this area, or none at all, could be deadly. The reliance on intelligence continues in this area as well. Conclusion This paper has utilized relevant literature and educated conclusions based upon that literature to explore government intelligence in greater depth in an effort to understand why governments rely on it. If nothing else has been proved in this paper, it cannot be denied that given the complex world in which modern governments operate, an intelligence network of some sort must be in place for all nations to protect their own interests as well as to monitor the activities of rival nations and their international neighbors. Perhaps, as well, an answer to the conflicts of the world lies in the use of intelligence, for if a nation is able to prove and understand that their neighbors are not as threatening as they appear, and that they are gathering intelligence to confirm the same about other nations, maybe everyone can relax a bit and have a more amiable international relationship, which in the long run, could help the world to be safer and more prosperous. Works Cited Bar-Joseph, Uri. Intelligence Intervention in the Politics of Democratic States: The United States, Israel, and Britain. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995. DeSouza, Patrick J. , ed. Economic Strategy and National Security: A Next Generation Approach. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2000. Foucauld, Jean-Baptiste De. â€Å"Post-Industrial Society and Economic Security. † International Labour Review 135. 6 (1996): 675+. â€Å"The Hidden Hand: Britain, America and Cold War Secret Intelligence. † Contemporary Review Nov. 2001: 320.